The War on Terror and the Erosion of Liberty Assignment

The War on Terror and the Erosion of Liberty - Assignment Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that in the haste to safeguard citizens, laws were enacted and restrictions were imposed that have had a deep and lasting effect on our personal freedoms. Many people have criticized the government actions as too broad, too severe, and have characterized it as an over-reaction to a single event. Others, such as John Ashcroft, have labeled the critics as paranoids and said, "To those who scare peace-loving people with phantoms of lost liberty †¦ your tactics only aid terrorists, for they erode our national unity and †¦ give ammunition to America’s enemies". It is clear that we have reached a point where we must weigh the price of a security against the cost of our lost liberty. When we do, we find that the over-reaching policies of our anti-terrorist campaign have extracted too high a cost in lost liberty, freedom, and our national identity.  The loss of our liberty extends beyond the inconvenience of long lines at the airpo rt and reaches into our daily right to privacy. One of the fundamental principle that America is built upon is the expectation that our personal records and correspondence have sacred and legal protection against inspection without a warrant. However, the sweeping powers granted to the government in the wake of 9/11 have allowed the government to examine bank and phone records of every American citizen without probable cause. Meanwhile, the government is cloaked in ever greater secrecy as many more governmental meetings can be held in secret away from the press and the public (Chaddock). While it may seem that we only have something to worry about if we are engaged in illegal activity, the fact is that it opens the door for corruption and abuse. There is the potential that political enemies could examine bank records to find out who has contributed to a given charity or political cause. It could be used to examine a credit card record to trace a person's travel or spending habits. L iberty is only of value when we need it. Once surrendered there is no returning it to the safe state of affairs that the right to privacy gives us.

Crime Prevention Essay Example for Free

Crime Prevention Essay Abstract Crime prevention has become a major issue in our Nation. In our text we have learned that in the early 1990’s President Bill Clinton had passed a bill that hired 100,000 police officers as a result of the Violent Crime Control Act (Worrall, 2008). The hiring of all the police officers looked as if was going to make a huge impact across the nation. With the rate of crime going up across the world crime prevention is really needed. Communities and police officers need to come together to help preserve our neighborhoods. This is the best form of crime prevention. In this paper I am going to discuss the relationship of crime prevention to the Criminal Justice System. I am also going to give my definition of what is crime prevention. I will also discuss two or more institutions through which crime prevention programs and practices are delivered and try to give some examples. Crime Prevention Crime prevention can be defined in several ways. My definition of crime prevention is stopping crime and protecting our neighborhoods. If the community and the police work together they can reduce crime over time drastically. Crime is increasing in neighborhoods, so, crime prevention should increase as well. The relationship of crime prevention to the Criminal Justice System has several purposes. Crime prevention has the main purpose of protecting the community and the people that live in them. â€Å"Crime prevention and the Criminal Justice System have two main goals: to lessen the human and material cost and its impact on socioeconomics development and to formulate international standards and norms in crime prevention and criminal justice and promote their observance (Encyclopedia of the Nations, 2013).† In the relationship of crime prevention to the Criminal Justice System the police have several objectives. The police objectives are to prevent and control conduct threatening the life or property including serious crimes. Police also help and protect victims who have been physically abused (Plant and Scott, 2009). They also stop and arrest drunken drivers which help and protect the community. When police make drug bust in which the community helps with tips or make arrest on repeat offenders this type of crime prevention is key in the relationship with the Criminal Justice System. Police are used as mediators and negotiators to resolve domestic disturbances or hostage situations (Plant and Scott, 2009). Police are also trying to find ways to protect the youth of today from following in the same footsteps as the criminals that they deal with on a day to day basis. Police are trying to do everything that they can to stop trafficking of persons and drugs throughout our nation and help keep our youth stay out of the criminal justice system. Crime prevention and the Criminal Justice System go hand in hand with the reduction of crime. There are many institutions through which crime prevention programs and practices are delivered. Most of the programs are built around habitual offenders and youths from the 5 to 18 years of age. One program that they have for repeat offenders is the Circle of Support and Accountability (COSA). This program targets young to adult males that have been tried and convicted of a sexual crime, did not get early release, and are at serious risk of reoffending (National Crime Prevention Centre, 2008). COSA has up to seven but no less than four volunteers that help the offenders reengage back to a normal life in their community. The volunteers also hold the offenders accountable for their actions. COSA’s main goals are to help the offenders through their difficulties and emergencies, hold them accountable for their behavior and attitudes, to be advocates for treatment with the providers, comm unity groups, the police agencies and any other professionals in the community, mediate with the community to answer their concerns, and to help them celebrate their success of treatment and their anniversaries (National Crime Prevention Centre, 2008). Another program that is used as a crime prevention program is the Boy and Girls Clubs of America. This program targets young children and teens from five years of age to eighteen. This also targets kids in high risk and drug infested communities. The Boys and Girls Club gives kids in the community a safe place to go after school and in the summer. This organization keeps kids and teens out of trouble. Teens that have dropped out of school are given an opportunity to get their GED through programs provided by the Boys and Girls Club (National Crime Prevention Centre, 2008). The Boys and Girls Club gives children a place to go when their parents are working late and gives parents a sense of relief because they know that their child is in a safe environment. The Boys and Girls Club provides kids with meals and snacks, a place to do their homework, a place to play sports, and a place to feel safe (National Crime Prevention Centre, 2008). The Clubs offer programming in four main areas. The areas are leadership; growth and empowerment, physical activity; health and safety, learning and career development, and community services. It also operates under five values. The values are inclusion and opportunities, respect and belonging, empowerment, collaboration, and speaking out (National Crime Prevention Centre, 2008). As you can see that empowerment is a major part of the Boys and Girls Club. Showing kids that they matter and that they have worth gives the kids a boost in their confidence and self-esteem. These are just two organizations that help and focus on making someone’s life better. There are many more out there that can help in particular fields of rehabilitation and kid safety. Crime prevention and the Criminal Justice System are needed though out our nation. Police are doing all they can to make the communities safe. It is time for the community to help the police and get rid of the â€Å"no snitching po licy.† The youth of today have so many things that can cause them to turn to a life of crime and it is up to parents, police, and other government officials to protect them. There are a large number of organizations that are out there that can help youths, teens, and adults to become better members of society. When a criminal is released back into society they should find one of these organizations to help them get acclimated with the community that they are moving into. The Criminal Justice System and crime prevention goes hand in hand but is not the only way to turn young adults away from crime. The responsibility is the parents to guide and protect the kids from the dangers of the world. The Criminal Justice System is full enough with young men and women, let’s try and stop the number from getting bigger. References Encyclopedia of the Nations (2013) retrieved from: http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/United-Nations/Social-and-Humanitarian-Assistance-CRIME-PREVENTION-AND-CRIMINAL-JUSTICE.html National Crime Prevention Centre (2008) retrieved from:

Creation of a Business School and Curriculum

Creation of a Business School and Curriculum Introduction: With the increased importance and influence of environmental issues in the business world, it is imperative to find out those issues which are important in both business school curricula and textbooks. It is also anticipating that business students are fairly knowledgeable about these issues. It has been seen that business school students have a limited working knowledge of the environment (Barnes Ferry 1992). But, environmental issues are not covered in the majority of the business strategy, international management, marketing, and strategic management textbooks. The world is marked by a progressively more rapid rate of change. Academic institutions are among those institutions in society, which are least prepared to respond quickly to changes (Barnes Ferry 1992). Acclimatizing to new developments and shifting to new areas of inquiry do not come easily for these institutions (Barnes Ferry 1992). The objective behind developing the post-graduate curricula is not only to improve the academic level of the students but also to improve the knowledge of business and corporate professionals, but unfortunately, the management courses provided by the various universities not include the practical knowledge (Barnes Ferry 1992). Developing Post-Graduate Studies in Strategic Management The aim of any business school should be to develop the course, which creates the synergy between academic as well as business world. The objective of the business school should be to develop higher education of excellence (Buyya Ramamohanarao 2008). The courses designed should be based on the practical knowledge of the student and the textbooks should include the corporate and business case study, so that the management students learn about the present scenario in the corporate world. The course must include special knowledge and technical skills. The business schools should develop their rules and regulations for selecting the applicants like there should be rigid standards of qualification for the entrance of new students. The ICFAI business school will be opened in the United States and its masters program would include the courses like MBA, on-line MBA, Post graduation in Strategic management, executive MBA and Business school MBA. The Masters is an academic degree conferred by a business school or university for those who complete two year of prescribed study after the bachelors degree (Buyya Ramamohanarao 2008). It recognizes the expertise in an academic discipline or professional field of study, which is gained through intensive course work and through a comprehensive examination. Whereas the curriculum of these courses would include corporate education, corporate training, practical real case studies of the organization, long learning cases and regional business associations. Introducing a new master’s program Post graduation in strategic management program is primarily for commerce and arts graduates who are seeking practical and professional specialization in management as well as in corporate world. It’s also appropriate for professionals with a background in related disciplines who are working in the companies as the middle managers. In present years, the demand for educational courses in management has expanded rapidly (Buyya Ramamohanarao 2008). This has led to a huge demand for the professionals like marketing executives, finance executives, HR executives, etc. The new master’s program of ICFAI business school will emphasize on building the student’s technical background. Its key objectives is that on completion of this course, the candidates will have considerable expertise in key areas of marketing, corporate planning and international marketing (Buyya Ramamohanarao 2008). The program will help the students to apply the acquired techniques and knowledge to develop and implement awareness in organizations. This would help the management students to analyze and examine different projects to meet current and future needs of an organization (Buyya Ramamohanarao 2008). The program has numerous unique features: The students will comprehend global and domestic economic theories and their application to the business setting. The students will understand the strategic theories, the formulation and implementation of strategy. It will promote the use of industry standards (MBA Program Objectives 2008). The half of the program focuses on highly specialized topics such as distributed systems, marketing, international business, and human resource, etc. It includes a compulsory project where students have to attend three to four week projects. The management students will be able to identify customer needs and participate in the process of developing products and services to meet these needs (MBA Program Objectives 2008). The students would be explained about the importance of SWOT analysis, Environment scanning. The students will understand the importance of internal and external appraisal of industry. Students would be able to expand their insight and skills in developing the project management, enterprises and entrepreneurial activities (MBA Program Objectives 2008). The students will have an appreciation of the political, environmental, legal and regulatory setting of the organization. The masters program of the business school would emphasize on the corporate education and training of the students. The students would be acknowledged with the day to day problems that the companies are facing (MBA Program Objectives 2008). The business school would emphasize on the live case studies, so that the students learn about the difficult ties that are faced by the organization. The ICFAI business school will stress on giving the practical knowledge to the students rather than filling their minds with theoretical knowledge (Mathew 2005). The business schools would have links with the various universities and the corporate in order to provide better project training to the students (MBA Program Objectives 2008). The institution would emphasize on the 100% placement of the students. Corporative Universities belong to the enterprise that requires permanent and efficient human resources. It is said that at the end of the present decade, the corporative universities will go beyond in number as compared to the traditional universities (Guadilla 2004). If the corporative universities will grow enduringly, the traditional universities would decrease. The learning modes of the corporative universities are continuously incorporating the modality of distance teaching. The business school would also look forward for the corporate training of the students. Corporate training is a training solution that provides real knowledge of business. Training would help to build the right skill levels amongst the students, which in turn will support them in handling the various projects. Tuition fee for the students is determined at the beginning of an academic year. Tuition fee can be paid at once or in installments. The mode of paying will be regulated at the time of admission (Mathew 2005). Structure of the strategic management course The ICFAI business school programme delivers 40 Master level credits each year. Each section is awarded 10 credits. The range of unit or section varies between the first and second year as well as according to the knowledge and experience of the students. The modules for the first year include: Marketing and Strategic Management I. For the Second year, the modules include: Strategic Human Resource Management, Corporate strategic planning and Dissertation. Contents: The strategic Management contents would include introduction to strategic management; corporate governance and social responsibility; Environmental scanning and Industry analysis; strategy formulation; strategy implementation; Strategic issues in entrepreneurial ventures and businesses. Faculty: The faculty of ICFAI business school will include: Josep Arno, faculty for HR; Michael Bashshur, faculty for Organization Behavior; Xavier Calsamiglia, faculty for economics; Lluà ­s Mosella Ximà ©nez, faculty for business environment; Bernard Retali, faculty for Corporate strategy; Oscar Gutierrez, faculty for finance, etc (MBA faculty 2008). Evaluation: The students in ICFAI business school would be timely evaluated. They would be given proper feedback about the paper, by the faculty members. There would be a special room for evaluating the students’ performance. Regional Implementation strategy Before starting the master’s programme, it is important to evaluate the regional atmosphere of the place. Local strategies mainly focus on the home-market and implement a policy that is more responding to local needs, values and demands. This usually happens on a regional basis like Western European countries or Northern part of Europe. In the US, the University of Chile and the University of Southern Indiana is one of the oldest universities. In Latin America, University of Chile is the most impressive institution. The students in the United States would first prefer these institutes. It is very important that the ICFAI business school provides the extra curricular programmes so that the students prefer it. The Business school has to develop its own strategy to survive in the market. The ICFAI business school has to select the top faculties like Samuel Hollander, Tikva Frymer-Kensky, etc. As far as the glocal view is concerned, it refers to the individual, group, division, unit, organization and community which is willing and is able to think globally and act locally. It is important to plan and implement the global strategy to launch itself in international market. Global strategy is based on a strategy that entails a long-range planning that is designed to achieve desired goals. For business, strategy involves an incorporated and coordinated set of commitments and actions to increase competitive advantages and to obtain the targeted returns. To develop internationally, I would like to develop the branches of business school in the other countries. I would make the proper use of distribution channels. Comparative Analysis of various MBA institutions Every MBA institution has its own courses and curriculum. The curricula differentiate on the basis of the number of subjects, number of projects and the exams criteria, as many institutes have the semester or module system and some have the yearly system. Some of the universities like Ben-Gurion University of Israel provide the courses like Humanities and Social Sciences, natural Sciences, engineering Sciences, health Sciences, management, etc. It emphasizes on the various student development programmes whereas the University of Deusto is one of the most well-known and prestigious academic institutions in Spain, which has campuses both in Bilbao and San Sebastià ¡n (University of Deusto 2008). The Business College of this University was founded in the year 1916 and it was the first college for nearly 50 years in Spain. It became the Faculty of Economics and Business Administration in the year 1973. These universities differ on the basis of the services and education provided by the institutions. Both of the universities are the prestigious as well as renowned institution. The selection of the institutes sometimes depends on the needs and demand of the student. Review of International MBA’s In the present scenario, the area of management is receiving a large amount of attention because the organization and the environment are becoming more and more complex (Barnes Ferry 1992). The globalization process has caused the dispersion of international management. Such a process of transmission may be contributing to an increasing homogeneity of managerial practice around the world but significant differences will still remain. The importance of MBA programmes has resulted in diverse systems and intended to guide prospective students in their choice. International accreditation provides the independent way to judge the quality of degrees, and is also honored by three global bodies (Wiggett 2008). These are the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB); the Association of MBAs (AMBA) and European Quality Improvement System (EQUIS). Grading the institutes also helps in choosing a university or business school but it is very different from accreditation (Wiggett 2008). According to the Boston Universitys School of Management, it has been seen that business schools are years behind the corporate practices. The students are not provided with any kind of practical knowledge. These universities include business and society textbooks and a number of business law textbooks which deal with environmental issues (Barnes Ferry 1992).

Essay example --

In literature there are many parts to a successful story. What appears to be the main themes within a specific text may in fact be completely different, or interpreted in another way. As with many successful works what happens in the background may be more interesting or noteworthy than that of which happens in the foreground. Those happenings may also control the outcome, or even the whole of the tale. In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Such a circumstance may be in effect. Unlike in various other texts of that time, many of the females portrayed in the poem are unlike how they were supposed to be in that era. Through their actions, it is the women that control the story and thus guide it from its rocky start to its wild conclusion. This is shown through Lady Bertilak’s actions towards Sir Gawain, Morgan’s overall hand in the charade, and the symbols and actions of the main men within the text. Perhaps the most relevant point to make is Morgan’s hand in the plot. At the end of the poem the readers learn from the Green Knight that the entire situation is set up by Morgan. Essentially, the entire story rides on the fact that Morgan dislikes Guinevere and wishes to both scare her (Possibly to death) and humiliate Arthur and his knights. Without this malice towards Guinevere, there would be no poem to begin with. Morgan sets up the conflict by enchanting Lord Bertilak and ordering him to do as she bids, going to Arthur and his knights and posing the challenge to them. This proves the power Morgan holds over the men, as she is the one in control. This may be combatted with the assumption that she plays the part of the evil witch and thus plays into one of the many stereotypes of women in that time. Dr. Shadi Neimneh and associates ... ...t necessarily the ones holding the reins. Throughout the poem Morgan and Lady Bertilak transform the two main men at their will, Morgan turning Lord Bertilak into The Green Knight, and Lady Bertilak stealing Sir Gawains masculinity. They control everything from the beginning scene in which the Green Knight entices King Arthurs court, to Sir Gawains presence in Lord Bertilak’s estate, all the way to the very end when their deeds are revealed and they send Sir Gawain back to Arthur with the humiliating girdle tied firmly around him. Morgan may not have fully achieved her desire to mock King Arthur and falsify his knights, but with the combined efforts of Lady Bertilak and Lord Bertilak, she is able to shame Sir Gawain and teach him humility that he spreads throughout the kingdom. In the end, it is the women who earn the greatest importance in the quest, and the poem.

Nintendo History Essay

Nintendo was founded in 1889. It was a poker card workshop. But now it’s Japan’s most famous game production company. Its production of electronic games are popular all around the world. Nintendo is the NO.1 of the world’s video game companies. With only 850 staffs, Nintendo used to beat such super enterprises as Toyota occasionally, thus becoming Japanese first profit-making company. Nintendo spells â€Å"Wii† with two lower-case â€Å"I† characters means: To resemble two people standing side by side, representing players gathering together.Wii sounds like ‘we’, which emphasizes that the console is for everyone. Wii can easily be remembered by people around the world, no matter what language they speak. The Wii is a home video game console released by Nintendo on November 19, 2006. The Nintendo Wii is the 7th generation video game console of the Nintendo series. It plays Nintendo video games via discs, and detects movement in three dim ensions. The Wii is meant to stimulate interactivity and movement among its users, so that they play games and get exercise simultaneously. The primary wireless controller, the Wii remote, is a handheld pointing device which makes the on-screen player mimic the movements of the person possessing the Wii remote. Nintendo production of electronic games In 1983ï ¼Å¡NES In 1989ï ¼Å¡Game Boy In 1990ï ¼Å¡Super Famicom In 1996ï ¼Å¡Nintendo64 In 2001ï ¼Å¡Game Boy Advance In 2001ï ¼Å¡GameCube In 2004ï ¼Å¡Nintendo DS In 2006ï ¼Å¡Wii In 2012ï ¼Å¡Wii U http://game.people.com.cn/n/2012/1120/c49419-19633647-4.htmlhttp://blog.eio.com/2012/07/21/an-introduction-to-the-nintendo-wii/ 1. Was Nintendo just lucky, or does the Wii’s success have strategic merit? Nintendo’s strategy was very clear and clever. It thought that it could not survive in the competition with Microsoft’s Xbox and Sony’s Play Station 3. So, Nintendo do not try to compete to the competitor rather than it tried to rebuild the gaming system. Without concerning the more advanced technology, it tried to do more using less investment. They realized that they couldn’t make a better product, so by changing the way in which the product is used they created a whole new market at their control. By changing their focus away from the game but the experience Nintendo created a unique strategy that is now synonymous with their name. Nintendo developed the Wii with a very specific design and marketing strategy in place. So, Nintendo’s strategy was so resourceful and it worked like magic mix strategy.Their success with the Wii really stems from two sources. First, they have gained substantial market share with previously untapped demographics (elder ly, smallchildren, and families). Second, because they have eliminated many of the additional costs and features of the more advanced game systems, they have been able to better compete based on price.Even while they were struggling, Nintendo maintained a strong brand within the gaming industry. Marketing Strategies of Nintendo are through the product, pricing, promotion, and place. With the product, Nintendo redesigned the controller to make it easier and more nature to play games,e.g motion sensitivity, IR sensors. Nintendo keep price at $250.00 while XBOX and PS3 over $350.00. Wii games cheaper $10.00 than XBOX and PS3. It offering various accessories to generate revenue. Ninendo promotion through mass selling, uses intermediary (GameStop, hypermarket, mall), uses both push or pull techniques. Pushing is used by advertising through commercials, ads, circulars, magazines, and internet.Pulling is demonstrated by keeping on-hand inventory low leaving customers returning to check availability.Nintendo has included a free game with eachWii unit, other systems, they increase the price by $20-50. they offer the Nintendo WiFi connection. This allows you to play certain online games against friends and others. Nintendo's WiFi connection is free and offers many nice updates. A bout the place, Nintendo has distribution centers around the world. Each distributing the regions version of Nintendo’s systems or games. In the United States there are 2 distribution centers, that are Redmond, Washington; Atlanta, Georgia. Retailers get their inventory directly from Nintendo.Businesses are gaining approximately $10 per unit sold; however, they make their money through game and accessory sales. 2) In which stage of the product life cycle is theWii? Based on that stage, is Nintendo employing good marketing mix strategies? The sales of Nintendo keep increasing and last sales not significant. The stages is growh- early maturity. If a product is accepted by the marketplace, it enters the growth stage of the product life cycle. The growth stage is characterized by increasing sales, more competitors, and higher profits. Unfortunately for the firm, the growth stage attracts competitors who enter the market very quickly. For example, when Diet Coke experienced great success, Pepsi soon entered with Diet Pepsi. You’ll notice that both Coca-Cola and Pepsi have similar competitive offerings in the beverage industry, including their own brands of bottled water, juice, and sports drinks. As additional customers begin to buy the product, manufacturers must ensure that the product remains available to customers or run the risk of them buying competitors’ offerings. For example, the producers of video game systems such as Nintendo’s Wii could not keep up with consumer demand when the product was first launched. Consequently, some consumers purchased competing game systems such as Microsoft’s Xbox. A company sometimes increases its promotional spending on a product during its growth stage. However, instead of encouraging consumers to try the product, the promotions often focus on the specific benefits the product offers and its value relative to competitive offerings. In other words, although the company must still inform and educate customers, it must counter the competition. Emphasizing the advantages of the product’s brand name can help a company maintain its sales in the face of competition. Although different organizations produce personal computers, a highly recognized brand such as IBM strengthens a firm’s advantage when competitors enter the market. New offerings that utilize the same successful brand name as a company’s already existing offerings, which is what Black & Decker does with some of its products, can give a company a competitive advantage. Companies typically begin to make a profit during the growth stage because more units are being sold and more revenue is generated. The number of distribution outlets (stores and dealers) utilized to sell the product can also increase during the growth stage as a company tries to reach as much of the marketplace as possible. Expanding a product’s distribution and increasing its production to ensure its availability at different outlets usually results in a product’s costs remaining high during the growth stage. The price of the product itself typically remains at about the same level during the growth stage, although some companies reduce their prices slightly to attract additional buyers and meet the competitors’ prices. Companies hope by increasing their sales, they also improve their profits. The Maturity Stage After many competitors enter the market and the number of potential new customers declines, the sales of a product typically begin to level off. This indicates that a product has entered the maturity stage of its life cycle. Most consumer products are in the mature stage of their life cycle; their buyers are repeat purchasers versus new customers. Intense competition causes profits to fall until only the strongest players remain. The maturity stage lasts longer than other stages. Quaker Oats and Ivory Soap are products in the maturity stage—they have been on the market for over one hundred years. Given the competitive environment in the maturity stage, many products are promoted heavily to consumers by stronger competitors. The strategies used to promote the products often focus on value and benefits that give the offering a competitive advantage. The promotions aimed at a company’s distributors may also increase during the mature stage. Companies may decrease the price of mature products to counter the competition. However, they must be careful not to get into â€Å"price wars† with their competitors and destroy all the profit potential of their markets, threatening a firm’s survival. Intel and Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) have engaged in several price wars with regard to their microprocessors. Likewise, Samsung added features and lowered the price on its Instinct mobile phone, engaging in a price war with Apple’s iPhone. With the weakened economy, many online retailers engaged in price wars during the 2008 holiday season by cutting prices on their products and shipping costs. Although large organizations such as Amazon.com can absorb shipping costs, price wars often hurt smaller retailers. Many retailers learned from their mistakes and ordered less inventory for the 2009 holiday season. Companies are challenged to develop strategies to extend the maturity stage of their products so they remain competitive. Many firms do so by modifying their target markets, their offerings, or their marketing strategies. Next, we look at each of these strategies. Modifying the target market helps a company attract different customers by seeking new users, going after different market segments, or finding new uses for a product in order to attract additional customers. Financial inst itutions and automobile dealers realized that women have increased buying power and now market to them. With the growth in the number of online shoppers, more organizations sell their products and services through the Internet. Entering new markets provides companies an opportunity to extend the product life cycles of their different offerings. Many companies enter different geographic markets or international markets as a strategy to get new users. A product that might be in the mature stage in one country might be in the introductory stage in another market. For example, when the U.S. market became saturated, McDonald’s began opening restaurants in foreign markets. Cell phones were very popular in Asia before they were introduced in the United States. Many cell phones in Asia are being used to scan coupons and to charge purchases. However, the market in the United States might not be ready for that type of technology. Modifying the product, such as changing its packaging, size, flavors, colors, or quality can also extend the product’s maturity stage. The 100 Calorie Packs created by Nabisco provide an example of how a company changed the packaging and size to provide convenience and one-hundred-calorie portions for consumers. While the sales of many packaged foods fell, the sales of the 100 Calorie Packs increased to over $200 million, prompting Nabisco to repackage more products. [5]Kraft Foods extended the mature stage of different crackers such as Wheat Thins and Triscuits by creating different flavors. Although not popular with consumers, many companies downsize (or decrease) the package sizes of their products or the amount of the product in the packages to save money and keep prices from rising too much. Car manufacturers modify their vehicles slightly each year to offer new styles and new safety features. Every three to five years, automobile manufacturers do more extensive modifications. Changing the package or adding variations or features are common ways to extend the mature stage of the life cycle. Pepsi recently changed the design and packaging of its soft drinks and Tropicana juice products. However, consumers thought the new juice package looked like a less expensive brand, which made the quality of the product look poorer. As a result, Pepsi resumed the use of the original Tropicana carton. Pepsi’s redesigned soda cans also received negative consumer reviews. Tropicana’s New Packaging Tropicana’s new (and now abandoned) packaging look didn’t compare well with the â€Å"orange and the straw† but is still used on the lower-calorie Tropicana. When introducing products to international markets, firms must decide if the product can be standardized (kept the same) or how much, if any,adaptation, or changing, of the product to meet the needs of the local culture is necessary. Although it is much less expensive to standardize products and promotional strategies, cultural and environmental differences usually require some adaptation. Product colors and packages as well as product names must often be changed because of cultural differences. For example, in many Asian and European countries, Coca-Cola’s diet drinks are called â€Å"light,† not diet. GE makes smaller appliances such as washers and dryers for the Japanese market. Hyundai Motor Company had to improve the quality of its automobiles in order to compete in the U.S. market. Compan ies must also examine the external environment in foreign markets since the regulations, competition, and economic conditions vary as well as the cultures. Figure 7.15 Some companies modify the marketing strategy for one or more marketing variables of their products. For example, many coffee shops and fast-food restaurants such as McDonald’s now offer specialty coffee that competes with Starbucks. As a result, Starbucks’ managers a decided it was time to change the company’s strategy. Over the years, Starbucks had added lunch offerings and moved away from grinding coffee in the stores to provide faster service for its customers. However, customers missed the coffee shop atmosphere and the aroma of freshly brewed coffee and didn’t like the smell of all the lunch items. As a result of falling market share, Starbucks’ former CEO and founder Howard Schultz returned to the company. Schultz hired consultants to determine how to modify the firm’s offering and extend the maturity stage of their life cycle. Subsequently, Starbucks changed the atmosphere of many of its stores back to that of traditional coffee shops, modified its lunch offerings in many stores, and resumed grinding coffee in stores to provide the aroma customers missed. The company also modified some of its offerings to provide health-conscious consumers lower-calorie alternatives. [6] After the U.S. economy weakened in 2009, Starbucks announced it would begin selling instant coffee for about a dollar a cup to appeal to customers who were struggling financially but still wanted a special cup of coffee. The firm also changed its communication with customers by utilizing more interactive media such as blogs. Whereas Starbucks might have overexpanded, McDonald’s plans to add fourteen thousand coffee bars to selected stores. [7] In addition to the coffee bars, many McDonald’s stores are remodeling their interiors to feature flat screen televisions, recessed lighting, and wireless Internet access. Other McDonald’s restaurants kept their original design, which customers still like. http://www.studymode.com/essays/Assignment-Case-Study-Of-Nintendo-878245.html http://www.papercamp.com/essay/46271/Nintendo-Case ï‚ · http://www.xbitlabs.com http://catalog.flatworldknowledge.com/bookhub/2030?e=fwk-133234-ch07_s02

Chemistry Module 6 Separation of a Mixture of Solid Essay

This lab experiment was conduct and taught based upon the primary instruction and introduction to mixtures. With this lab I was able to determine and execute the proper separation of a mixture of solids through various means, such as evaporation and filtration. Using these techniques presented the separation of different ingredients from a mixture was conducted based upon the usage of individual physical properties of each substance presented in the mixture. . Observations: Throughout this experiment I noted several things. For example as I was heating the sand I completely forgot to cover the top to prevent splatter. Although I did heat the mixture at a much slower speed, this resulted in a loss of sample, further impacting my overall results and contributing to my percent error totals, as the sand was bubbling and slightly splattered. Also, I noted my stirring rod, along with the other tools used, had a bit of solution attached to them. Although minuet in amount I should have weighed and taken note upon the mass of my materials before and after the procedures. Questions: A. How did your proposed Procedures or flow charts at the beginning of this experiment compare to the actual Procedures of this lab exercise? B. Discuss potential advantages or disadvantages of your proposed Procedure compared to the one actually used. C. How would you explain a sand recovery percentage that is higher than the original sand percentage? D. What were potential sources of error in this experiment? A.) The methods I proposed were highly similar to the instructions used in the labpaq manual. Just as stated in the instructions, I would have used the magnet to separate iron fillings, but I would have thought lastly upon evaporation for the sand separation and used the filter. B.) A potential disadvantage of simply filtering out the sand, is that fact that the benzoic acid substance, that was not completely dissolved could have too be filtered out. Also in the filtering of iron with the magnet I would have never thought to use a bag. C.) I could explain a sand recovery percentage that was higher than that of the original sand percentage, as simply a contamination of the other substances left within the sand, such as if the sand were not completely dry as there would still be water that would be included in the measured value, or possibly the benzoic acid? D.) The potential sources of error found in this experiment could include the was heating the sand I completely forgot to cover the top to prevent splatter, removing the mixture out of the ice before adequate crystallization had occurred,. Possibly having the sand, NaCl, or benzoic acid sticking to the iron, also maybe incomplete drying. How did your flow diagram for completing the separation compare to what was really done in the experiment? Were there any advantages or disadvantages to performing the separation the way you first thought it out? Discuss these advantages and disadvantages in the context how the approach might affect the measurement of some of the materials you separated. My flow diagram thought out prior to the conducting of this experiment was carried out well. The methods I proposed were highly similar to the instructions used in the labpaq manual. Just as stated in the instructions, I would have used the magnet to separate iron fillings, but I would have thought lastly upon evaporation for the sand separation and used the filter. I thought it was rather obvious to use the magnet for the iron filings, but really did not have an educated guess for how to separate the rest. A potential disadvantage of simply filtering out the sand, is that fact that the benzoic acid substance, that was not completely dissolved could have too be filtered out. Also in the filtering of iron with the magnet I would have never thought to use a bag. All together these simple differences, although minuet could have greatly altered my results and manipulated the entire data table.